আড়িয়ল বিলে বিমানবন্দর নির্মাণে সরকারের ঘোষণার প্রতিবাদে জনতার সহিংস বিক্ষোভ

Avwoqj we‡j wegvbe›`i wbg©v‡Y miKv‡ii †NvlYv I RbZvi mwnsm we‡ÿvf

MY‡hvMv‡hvM Z‡Ë¡i Av‡jv‡K e¨vL¨v

wb‡`©kbvq

KvRjx †kn&ixb Bmjvg

†Kvm© wkÿK

MY‡hvMv‡hvM I mvsevw`KZv wefvM

XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq|

Dc¯’vcbvq

†gv. Ry‡qj wgqv

†kªYx ‡ivj : 69

3q e¨vP, 4_© wm‡g÷vi

MY‡hvMv‡hvM I mvsevw`KZv wefvM

XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq|

†Kv‡m©i bvg: MY‡hvMv‡hvM ZË¡vejx

†Kvm© bs: Ggwm‡R- 206

Rgv`v‡bi ZvwiL: †deªæqvwi 05, 2011 wLª.

A¨vmvBb‡g›UwUi wb‡`©kK kª‡×q wkÿK KvRjx †kn&ixb Bmjv‡gi cÖwZ K…ZÁZv ¯^xKvi KiwQ | wZwb Avgv‡`i‡K MY‡hvMv‡hv‡Mi `~iæn ZË¡¸‡jv‡K mnR K‡i eywS‡q‡Qb| Zvi wb‡`©kbv †gvZv‡eK Avwg ÔAvwoqj we‡j wegvbe›`i wbg©v‡Y miKv‡ii †NvlYv I RbZvi mwnsm we‡ÿvfÕ welqwU‡K MY‡hvMv‡hv‡Mi wewfbœ Z‡Ë¡i Av‡jv‡K we‡kølY Kivi †Póv K‡iwQ|

MY‡hvMv‡hvM I mvsevw`KZv wefv‡Mi 4_© e‡l©i wkÿv_x© b~‡i Avjg `yR©q fvB‡qi cÖwZ K…ZÁZv Ávcb KiwQ G Kvi‡Y †h, wZwb Avgv‡K ˆ`wbK Kv‡ji K‡É eZ©gvb eQ‡ii Rvbyqvwi gv‡mi cwÎKv †hvMvb w`‡q mvnvh¨ K‡i‡Qb|

we‡kl K…ZÁZv ¯^xKvi Avgvi eÜz AÎ wefv‡Mi wkÿv_x© k¨vgj KvwšÍ wek¦v‡mi cÖwZ| †m Avgv‡K Zvi j¨vcUcwU e¨envi Kivi my‡hvM w`‡q‡Q, Zvn‡j wbR Nv‡Ui cqmv LiP K‡i A¨vmvBb‡g‡›Ui KvRwU Ki‡Z n‡Zv, hv Avgvi g‡Zv wkÿv_©xi Rb¨ n‡Zv A‡bK Kómva¨|

f~wgKv

ÔAvwoqj wej Avgv‡`i km¨fvÛvi| G wej aŸsm n‡j jvL jvL gvby‡li Rxeb wecbœ n‡e| i³ w`‡q n‡jI G wej‡K iÿv Kie|Õ

eZ©gvb mg‡qi me‡P‡q Av‡jvwPZ NUbv n‡jv Avwoqj we‡j e½eÜy ‡kL gywReyi ingvb AvšÍR©vwZK wegvbe›`i wbg©v‡Yi wm×v‡šÍi c«wZev‡` RbZvi mwnsm we‡ÿvf I miKvwi wm×v‡šÍi cwieZ©b| welqwU wb‡q ivR‰bwZK Kv`v QzovQzwoI Kg nqwb| cyivZb eQi †kl nq nq Ggb mg‡q NUbvi ïiæ, bZzb eQ‡ii Rvbyqvwi‡Z Gi †hŠeb jvf Avi 1jv †deªæqvwi Gi P~ovšÍ †hŠeb Ges 3-4 †deªqvwii NUbvi AvcvZZ hevwbKvcvZ|

Avwoqj we‡j wegvbe›`i wbg©v‡Yi wm×všÍ evwZ‡ji `vwe‡Z MZ 31 †k Rvbyqvwi ‡mvgevi w`bfi XvKv-gvIqv gnvmo‡K e¨vcK we‡¶vf K‡i‡Q nvRvi nvRvi GjvKvevmx| w`bfi G we‡¶v‡f RbZvi m‡½ msN‡l© cywj‡ki GK Kg©KZ©v wbnZ nb| AvnZ n‡q‡Qb 40 cywjk m`m¨, GKRb g¨vwR‡÷«U, cvuP mvsevw`K I we‡¶vfKvix kZvwaK M«vgevmx| we¶yä RbZv nvumvov cywjk dvuwo, cywj‡ki wZbwU Mvwo I `ywU ‡gvUimvB‡Kj fvOPyi-AwMœms‡hvM K‡i| RbM‡bi `vwe I we‡ÿv‡fi †cÖwÿ‡Z cÖavbgš¿x †kL nvwmbv cÖ¯ÍvweZ bZzb wegvbe›`I n‡e bv e‡j †NvlYv w`‡j Avwoqvj wej GjvKvi DjøwmZ RbZv evuafvOv †Rvqv‡ii g‡Zv †b‡g G‡jv iv¯Ív Avi ¯‹z‡ji gv‡V|cy‡iv GjvKv gyLi n‡q DVj wgwó weZiY, is †Ljv Avi nvRv‡ii gvby‡li mw¤§wjZ RqaŸwb‡Z|

Avi Ggwb GKwU NUbv wb‡q Avgvi Av‡jvP¨ A¨vmvBb‡g›U| MY‡hvMv‡hvM Z‡Ë¡i Av‡jv‡K A¨vmvBb‡g›UwU Kivi Rb¨ ˆ`wbK cÖ_g Av‡jv, ˆ`wbK Kv‡ji KÉ I ˆ`wbK msev` cwÎKvi wW‡m¤^i-2010, Rvbyqvwi-2011 I 1-5 †deªæqvwi‡Z cÖKvwkZ cwÎKv¸‡jvi msev`, m¤úv`Kxq, Dcm¤úv`Kxq we‡kølY K‡iwQ|

wewfbœ MYgva¨g ÔAvwoqj we‡j wegvbe›`i wbg©v‡Y miKv‡ii †NvlYv I RbZvi mwnsm we‡ÿvfÕ ‡K G‡KKfv‡e Kfv‡iR w`‡q‡Q| A¨vmvBb‡g›UwU Ki‡Z wM‡q Zv Avwg Dcjwä K‡iwQ| Av‡jvP¨ A¨vmvBb‡g›UwU‡Z cÖK…Zc‡ÿ hv N‡UwQj, MYgva¨‡g hv ejv n‡q‡Q †m¸‡jv MY‡hvMv‡hv‡Mi wewfbœ Z‡Ë¡i Av‡jv‡K e¨vL¨v Kivi †Póv K‡iwQ|

Bmy¨ ‡e‡Q †bqvi KviY

MZ Qq gv‡m †ekwKQz Av‡jvwPZ NUbv ev Bmy¨ Avgiv cÖZ¨ÿ K‡iwQ| †hgbt W. BDb~m I MÖvgxb e¨vsK Bmy¨, µmdvqvi, mxgv‡šÍ †djvbx nZ¨vKvÛ, g~mv Beªvwn‡gi Gfv‡i÷ Rq, 1 UvKvi K‡qb Bmy¨, `yb©xwZ wel‡q wUAvBwei cÖwZ‡e`b cÖKvk, †kqvi evRv‡i am, wek¦Kvc wµ‡KU cÖf…wZ Ab¨Zg|

GZ¸‡jv Bmy¨ †_‡K GKwU Bmy¨ wba©viY Kiv mwZ¨B KwVb| Avwg GZ¸‡jv welq †_‡K ÔAvwoqj we‡j wegvbe›`i wbg©v‡Y miKv‡ii †NvlYv I RbZvi mwnsm we‡ÿvfÕ welqwU‡K †e‡Q wb‡qwQ| Bmy¨wU ‡e‡Q †bqvi KviY wb‡gœ AwZ mv¤úªwZKZv| e¨vcviwU‡K ivR‰bwZK w`‡K cÖevwnZ KivI Bmy¨wU †e‡Q †bqvi Ab¨Zg KviY|

cwÎKv evQvB

Av

wg †`‡ki kxl©¯’vbxq `yÕwU msev`cÎ ˆ`wbK cÖ_g Av‡jv I ˆ`wbK Kv‡ji KÉ Ges evgcš’x msev`cÎ ˆ`wbK msev` wb‡q KvR K‡iwQ|

GK bR‡ii cÖ¯ÍvweZ wegvbe›`i I Avwoqj wej

1.gywÝM‡Äi k«xbMi Ges XvKv ‡Rjvi beveMÄ I ‡`vnvi Dc‡Rjvq we¯Í…Z|

2.MZ eQ‡ii 29 AvM÷ cª¯ÍvweZ e½eÜy AvšÍR©vwZK wegvbe›`i wbg©v‡Y A_©‰bwZK welqmsµvšÍ gwš¿mfv KwgwUi ‰eV‡K bxwZMZ wm×všÍ nq|

3.Avwoqj wej i¶v KwgwUi e¨vbv‡i GjvKvevmx gvm Lv‡bK a‡i wgwQj, mfv-mgv‡ek K‡i Avm‡Q| 26 Rvbyqvwi XvKvi gy³v½‡b Zv‡`i mgv‡ek Kg©m~wP wQj|

4.Avwoqj we‡j wegvbe›`i wbg©v‡Yi wm×všÍ evwZ‡ji `vwe‡Z XvKv-gvIqv gnvmo‡K e¨vcK we‡¶vf K‡i‡Q nvRvi nvRvi GjvKvevmx| 31 ‡k Rvbyqvwi we‡¶v‡f RbZvi m‡½ msN‡l© cywj‡ki GK Kg©KZ©v wbnZ nb| AvnZ n‡q‡Qb 40 cywjk m`m¨, GKRb g¨vwR‡÷«U, cvuP mvsevw`K I we‡¶vfKvix kZvwaK M«vgevmx|

5.†deªæqvwi 03- G cÖ¯ÍvweZ e½eÜz AvšÍR©vwZK wegvbe›`i Avwoqvj we‡j n‡e bv e‡j miKvwi †NvlYv|

6.†deªæqvwi 04- G Avwoqvjevwmi Avb›` wgwQj I GjvKvq wgwó weZib|

MY‡hvMv‡hv‡Mi wewfbœ Z‡Ë¡i Av‡jv‡K we‡kølY

h‡_ó ¸iæZ¡ mnKv‡i G welqwU‡K †`‡ki cÖvq me MYgva¨g wUªU‡g›U w`‡q‡Q| Z‡e cv_©K¨ cwijwÿZ n‡q‡Q| hviv wewfbœ gva¨‡gi Øvi¯Í n‡q‡Q Zviv e¨vcviwU AvuP Ki‡Z †c‡i‡Q| Avwoqj we‡j wegvbe›`i wbg©v‡Y miKv‡ii †NvlYv I RbZvi mwnsm we‡ÿvf welqK msev` ev Av‡jvPbvi mv‡_ MY‡hvMv‡hvM ZË¡vejxi i‡q‡Q eûgvwÎK †hvMm~Î| †hme Z‡Ë¡i Av‡jv‡K NUbvwU we‡køl‡Yi †Póv Kiv n‡q‡Q †m¸‡jv njÑ

· Agenda setting theory

· Media dependency theory

· Social learning theory

· Semiotics

· Cultivation theory

· Spiral of Silence theory

MY‡hvMv‡hvM ZË¡vejxi mv‡_ ÔAvwoqj we‡j wegvbe›`i wbg©v‡Y miKv‡ii †NvlYv I RbZvi mwnsm we‡ÿvfÕ wel‡q wgwWqv Kvfv‡i‡Ri m¤úK© we‡kølY K‡i wb‡P Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡jv|

Agenda setting theory

G Z‡Ë¡i g~jK_v:

Avgiv Kx welq wb‡q wPšÍv Ki‡ev, K_v ej‡ev Zv wgwWqv wVK K‡i †`q| wgwWqv cwjwm wVK K‡i wKQy welq wbw`©ó K‡i, †m wel‡q Zvi MÖvnK‡`i †ewk Z_¨ w`‡e| Avevi Ggb wKQy welq I wbw`©ó K‡i †h wel‡q Kg Z_¨ w`‡e| Avevi wgwWqv A‡bK¸‡jv Bmy¨i ga¨ †_‡K GK ev GKvwaK Bmy¨‡K Ggbfv‡e Kvfv‡iR †`q hv‡Z gvbyl welqwU wb‡q fve‡Z eva¨ nq| wgwWqvi Agenda setting Gi Kvi‡Y †`Lv hvq GKB msev` wfbœ wfbœ wgwWqv wfbœ wfbœ `„wófw½ wb‡q cÖPvi K‡i| ‰`wbK cÖ_g Av‡jv Ges ˆ`wbK Kv‡ji K‡Éi 25 ‡k Rvbyqvwi †_‡K 4 †deªyqvwi ch©šÍ cÖ¯ÍvweZ e½eÜz AvšÍR©vwZK wegvbe›`i m¤úwK©Z msev`¸‡jvi wk‡ivbvg †`‡LB Zv‡`i ¯^ ¯^ G‡RÛv †mwUs Gi e¨vcviwU eyS‡Z cvwi|

wk‡ivbvg
ZvwiL	‰`wbK cÖ_g Av‡jv	‰`wbK Kv‡ji KÉ
25.01.2011		e½eÜz AvšÍR©vwZK wegvbe›`i b¨vh¨g~j¨ †`qv n‡e Rwgi gvwjK‡`i (2q cvZvq)
27.01.2011	1.Avwoqj we‡j wfbœ ev¯ÍeZv (1g cvZvq) 2.Avwoqj we‡ji gvbyl dzu‡m D‡V‡Q- XvKvq mgv‡ek Ki‡Z †`qwb cywjk	cywjwk evavq Avwoqvj wej iÿv KwgwUi mgv‡ek cÐ (4_© cvZvq)
29.01.2011	Avwoqj iÿvi `vwe‡Z MÖv‡g MÖv‡g we‡ÿvf, mgv‡ek (1g cvZvq)
30.01.2011	1.bZzb wegvbe›`i †Kb (wjW wbDR) 2. wegvbe›`i wbg©v‡b wejevmxi mnvqZv PvB‡jb cÖwZgš¿x- Avwoqj wej iÿvi `vwe‡Z mgv‡ek (2q cvZvq)	†`vnv‡ii c~Z© cÖwZgš¿x (†kl cvZvq) wegvbe›`‡ii Rb¨ ÿwZMÖ¯Íiv Rwgi wZb¸Y `vg cv‡eb
31.01.2011	Avwoqj we‡j wegvbe›`i cwi‡ek wech©‡qi k¼v (1g cvZv)	Avwoqvj we‡j bv n‡j fv½v ev iv‰R‡i n‡e wegvbe›`i (wjW wbDR)
01.02.2011	1.mwnsm we‡ÿvf, cywjk wbnZ (wjW wbDR) 2.lol‡š¿i duv‡` cv †`‡eb bv: Av.jxM 3.cÖ_g Av‡jvi `yRbmn cuvP mvsevw`K AvnZ 4. cÖ¯ÍvweZ wegvbe›`i mwnsmZv bq, Av‡jvPbvB mgvav‡bi c_ (m¤úv`Kxq)	1.Avwoqvj wej iÿvq i³ÿqx Av‡›`vjb (wjW wbDR) 2.Lv‡j`v‡K `yl‡jb ¯’vbxq Ggwciv (1g cvZv) 3.RbM‡Yi m‡½ Av‡Q weGbwc: †`‡jvqvi (1g cvZv) 4.BÜb`vZv‡`i Lyu‡R †ei Kiv n‡e: ¯^ivóªgš¿x (1g cvZv)
02.02.2011	1.Lv‡j`v‡K Avmvgx K‡i gvgjv- Avwoqj wej GjvKvq Awfhvb, AvUK 25 (1g cvZv) 2.ivRavbx‡Z ev‡m Av¸b, AvR mviv †`‡k weGbwci we‡ÿvf 3.wej, wegvbe›`i I cÖwZ‡ek-weev` (Dcm¤úv`Kxq)	1.Pvi gvgjvq Lv‡j`vmn Avmvgx 21 nvRvi 2.fviZ- Kvco w`‡Z e¨_© miKv‡ii weiæ‡× gvgjv nIqv DwPZ: Lv‡j`v 3. Avwoqvj we‡j AbvKvw•ÿZ NUbv (m¤úv`Kxq)
03.02.2011	1.Avwoqj we‡j wegvbe›`i bq (wjW wbDR) 2.we‡ÿvf iæc wbj Avb›` wgwQ‡j 3.7 †deªæqvwi mviv †`‡k niZvj †W‡K‡Q weGbwc	1. RbMY bv PvB‡j Avwoqvj we‡j wegvbe›`i n‡e bv: cÖavbgš¿x (1g cvZv) 2.Lv‡j`vi weiæ‡× gvgjvi cÖwZev‡` †mvgevi mviv †`‡k niZvj 3.Rbiæ‡li Av¸‡b ivRbxwZi evZvm (1g cvZv) 4. i‡O RqaŸwb‡Z DrmegyLi Avwoqvj wej 5.Avwoqvj wej mwnsmZv RwoZ e¨w³‡`i K‡Vvi e¨e¯’v †bqv n‡e
04.02.2011	Avwoqj we‡j wegvbe›`i Kivi cwiKíbv evwZj (1g cvZv/ †m‡KÛ wjW)	1.we‡ivax`jxq †bÎxi `vwe †g‡b wbjvg: cÖavbgš¿x (1g cvZv) 2.HK¨e× Av‡›`vj‡bi AvnŸvb Rvbv‡jb Lv‡j`v wRqv (2q cvZv)

‰`wbK cÖ_g Av‡jv AZ¨šÍ ¸iæZ¡ mnKv‡ii G m¤úwK©Z msev` cÖKvk K‡iQ| miKvi we‡ivax cwÎKv wn‡m‡e RbZvi Kv‡Q mgwaK cwiwPZ| Avevi cwÎKvwU nq‡Zv mvgvwRK `vqe×Zv †_‡KI KvR K‡i hv‡”Q| cª¯ÍvweZ wegvbe›`i wel‡q cwÎKvwU MVbg~jK mgv‡jvPbv K‡i‡Q| Avevi GLv‡b public agenda cÖfvweZ K‡i‡Q Media agenda ‡K| Avevi G mZ¨ cÖ_g Av‡jv bZzb wegvbe›`i wbg©v‡bi wec‡ÿ Ae¯’vb Kivq RbZv fimv †c‡q‡Q Ges Zviv Zv‡`i Av‡›`vjb‡K †eMevb Ki‡Z †c‡i‡Q| miKvi wegvbe›`i wbgv©‡bi wm×všÍ †_‡K m‡i Avmvq A‡b‡K ej‡Qb, cÖ_g Av‡jv GLv‡b 100 fvM mdj| Aciw`‡K ˆ`wbK Kv‡ji KÚ cÖ_g w`‡K cÖ_g w`‡K cÖ¯ÍvweZ wegvbe›`i wbgv©‡bi c‡ÿ Ae¯’vb MÖnY K‡i‡Q| Z‡e Zviv public agenda ‡K `~‡i mwi‡q w`‡Z cv‡iwb| RbM‡bi we‡ÿv‡fi LeiwU Zviv e¯‘wbôfv‡eB cÖKvk Kivi †Póv K‡i‡Q|

Media Dependency Theory

bvg †_‡KB eySv hvq, G Z†Ë¡ †h m¤úK©wUi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q Zv g~jZ wbf©iZvi m¤úK©| GB wbf©iZvi m¤úK©wU _vK‡Z cv‡i mvgwMÖKfv‡e wgwWqv e¨e¯’vi mv‡_ wKsev Gi †Kv‡bv we‡kl As‡ki mv‡_, †hgb- msev`cÎ, †Uwjwfkb, †iwWI ev g¨vMvwRb wkí|

MYgva¨g wbf©iZv m¤ú‡K©i GKw`‡K i‡q‡Q jÿ¨ Avi Ab¨w`‡K Ae¯’vb Ki‡Q m¤ú`| mgv‡R cÖwZwU e¨w³, †Mvôx, Ges e„nr ms¯’vi KZ¸‡jv e¨w³MZ I mvgwóK jÿ¨ _v‡K| GB ZË¡ g‡Z, Gme jÿ¨ c~iY Ki‡Z Zviv Ab¨ e¨w³, †Mvôx, ev ms¯’vi wbqš¿Yvaxb m¤ú‡`i Dci wbf©ikxj| wecwiZµ‡g GivI Avevi G‡`i jÿ¨ c~iY Kivi Rb¨ cÖ_‡gv³ e¨w³, †Mvôx ev ms¯’vi Dci wbf©ikxj| GLb, MYgva¨g e¨e¯’v n‡”Q Ggb GKwU Z_¨e¨e¯’v hvi wbqš¿‡Y i‡q‡Q wZb ai‡Yi m¤ú`|

cÖ_g m¤ú`- Z_¨ msMÖn ev ˆZwi, wØZxq m¤ú`- Z‡_¨i cÖwµqvRvZKiY, Z…Zxq m¤ú`- Z‡_¨i †cÖiY| Avgiv Avgv‡`i j‡ÿ¨ †cuŠQv‡bvi Rb¨ wgwWqvi G wZb ai‡Yi m¤ú‡`i Dci wbf©ikxj Ges G Z‡_¨ Aek¨B Avgv‡`i AwfMg¨Zv _vK‡Z n‡e|

MYgva¨‡gi mvnvh¨ Qvov Avgiv cÖ¯ÍvweZ wegvbe›`iwU m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z cvi‡Zvg bv| MYgva¨‡g cwi‡ek `~l‡bi e¨vcviwUI ¸iæZ¡ mnKv‡ii I‡V G‡m‡Q| d‡j Avgiv NUbv Ges Zvi ci¤úwiKZv m¤ú‡K© aviYv AR©b Ki‡Z †c‡iwQ| cÖK…Z NUbv wK Zv Avgv‡`i Rvb‡Z mnvqZv K‡i‡Q|

Social Learning Theory

mvgvwRK wk¶Y Z‡Ë¡ ejv n‡q‡Q,

gvbyl ïay Zvi mvgvwRKxKiY cÖwZôvb †_‡KB bq, †Uwjwfkb, Pjw”PÎ A_©vr MYgva¨g †_‡K I AvPiY, wek¦vm, cÖ_v cªf„wZ †k‡L| GjevU© evbWyiv Zvi Z‡Ë¡ †`wL‡q‡Qb, we‡klZ gvbyl †Uwjwfkb †_‡K mwnmsZvB †k‡L| †Kbbv †Uwjwfk‡bi AwaKvsk Abyôv‡bB mwnsmZv †`Lv‡bv nq| Gi d‡j MYgva¨g `k©K‡`i we‡kl K‡i wkï‡`i AvPi‡Y cwieZ©b Av‡b-Zv‡`i mwnsm K‡i †Zv‡j|

cÖ‡qvRbxqZvB D™¢ve‡bi RbK| Avwoqj wej GjvKvq Avgiv GKwU Av‡›`vjb †`L‡Z †c‡qwQ| miKvwi wm×všÍi weiæ‡× RbZv we‡ÿvf †`wL‡q‡Q| G mKj †ÿθ‡jv‡Z wKfv‡e jvMvZvi Av‡›`vjb Pvwj‡q †h‡Z n‡e, Zv Avgiv cÖZ¨ÿ K‡iwQ| Zv‡`i Av‡›`vjb A‡b‡Ki Rb¨ w`K-wb‡`©kK| Zv‡`i Av‡›`vjb Avgv‡KI Drmvn RywM‡q‡Q| cÖ¯ÍvweZ wegvbe›`iwU wbwg©Z n‡j cwi‡e‡ki fvimvg¨ webó n‡e- G e¨vcviwU cÖ_g Av‡jvmn cÖavb cÖavb RvZxq ˆ`wbKmg~‡n Ges †iwWI, †Uwjwfk‡b ¸iæZ¡ mnKv‡ii I‡V G‡m‡Q, hv cwi‡ek wel‡q Avgv‡`i m‡PZbZv e„w× K‡i‡Q|

Semiotics

Avwoqj we‡j cÖ¯ÍvweZ AvšÍR©vwZK wegvb wbg©v‡bi †NvlYv‡K †K›`ª K‡i RbZvi we‡ÿvf- wgwQj‡K Semiotics Gi gva¨‡g e¨vL¨v Kiv hvq| Zv‡`i we‡ÿvf- wgwQj Avgv‡`i GUv Rvwb‡q w`‡q‡Q †h, Zviv Zv‡`i AwaKvi Av`v‡q e×cwiKi| Zviv Zv‡`i fwel¨‡Zi K_v wPšÍv K‡i Av‡›`vj‡b †hvM w`‡q‡Q| miKviI †m Abyhvqx wm×všÍ e`j Ki‡Z eva¨ n‡q‡Q|

Cultivation Theory

G Z‡Ë¡ ejv nq-

†Uwjwfk‡b cÖ`wk©Z Abyôvb ev mswnsmZv `yÕai‡bi `k©‡Ki Ici `yÕiKg cÖfve †d‡j| hviv †ewk ‡Uwjwfkb †`‡L (4 N›Uv ev †ewk) Zviv G¸‡jv‡K ev¯Íe g‡b K‡i Avi hviv Kg †`‡L (4N›Uvi Kg) Zviv Gi Øviv Kg cÖfvweZ nq A_©vr Zviv ev¯ÍeZv‡K cÖvavb¨ †`q| G ZË¡ g‡Z, hviv †ewk mgq †Uwjwfk‡b mwnsmZv †`‡L Zv‡`i `„wófw½ ev wek¦v‡m GK ai‡bi cwieZ©b Av‡m| †Uwjwfk‡b mwnsmZv †ewk †`Lv‡bv nq e‡j Zv‡`i G cwieZ©b mvaviYZ †bwZevPK nq|

hviv †ewk mgq a‡i MYgva¨‡gi ms¯ú‡k© G‡m‡Q, Zviv mwnsm NUbvwU cÖZ¨ÿ K‡i‡Q| G mwnsm NUbvwU GKw`‡K †hgb KvD‡K G ai‡Yi NUbv NUv‡Z AbycÖvwbZ Ki‡Z cv‡i, wVK †Zgwb A‡b‡Ki g‡a¨ Gi d‡j nqZ fxwZi m„wó n‡Z cv‡i| Avgvi eÜz k¨vgj Rvwb‡q‡Qb, Ômwnsm †mB NUbvwU †`Lvi ci Zvi g‡a¨ fxwZi m„wó n‡q‡Q| GKRb mvsevw`K wn‡m‡e Avgvi g‡a¨ g‡b nw”Qj GB eywS RbZv fzj ey‡S Avgv‡K †cUv‡”Q| KviY Avwg †`‡LwQ, mvaviY RbZv cÖ_g Av‡jvi `zÕRb mvsevw`K‡K †cUvw”Qj|Õ

Spiral of Silence Theory

ZË¡wUi g~jK_v n‡jv,

msL¨vMwiô I msL¨vjwNô gZvgZ| gvbyl memgq Zvi eZ©gvb I fwel¨‡Zi cÖwZ j¶¨ †i‡L msL¨vMwiô‡K mg_©b K‡i| A_©vr AwaKvsk †jvK hv e‡j †mUv fyj n‡jI evwKiv †g‡b †bq| Zviv cÖwZev` K‡i bv| Avi mgvRPz¨wZi f‡q Zviv cÖwZev‡`i mvnm I †`Lvq bv| ZLbB Zviv Pzc n‡q hvq- bxie n‡q hvq| ZË¡wU †evSvq, hLb RbMb Zv‡`i msL¨vjNy fv‡e ZLb Zviv †Mvc‡b Zv‡`i `„wófw½‡Z Pvc Abyfe K‡i Ges Zviv bxieZvi w`‡K †h‡Z _v‡K| Newman Gi g‡Z, msL¨vjwNôiv hLb Pzc n‡q hvq ev bxie n‡q hvq, ZLb MYgva¨g msL¨vMwi‡ôi gZvgZ‡KB Dc¯’vcb K‡i| d‡j msL¨vjwNô Av‡iv bxie n‡q hvq|

eZ©gvb AvIqvgxjx‡Mi wbev©Pbx BkwZnv‡ii bZzb wegvbe›`‡ii Aw½Kvi bv _vK‡jI ÿgZvq Avmvi ci e½Üzi bv‡g AvšÍR©vwZK wegvbe›`i wbgv©b Kivi †NvlYv †`q| beveMÄ I ‡`vnvi Ges gywÝM‡Äi k«xbMi Dc‡Rjvi Avwoqj wej GjvKvq bZyb wegvbe›`i ¯’vc‡bi wm×všÍ †bqv nq| mvaviY RbZv cÖ_g †_‡KB G wm×v‡šÍi cÖwZev` Rvwb‡q Avm‡Q| wKš‘ ÿgZmxb miKvi Zv Avg‡j †bq wb| djZ, cÖ¯ÍvweZ wegvbe›`i wbg©v‡bi miKvwi wm×v‡šÍi weiæ‡× mgv‡ek, we‡ÿvf wgwQj Ges jvMvZvi Av‡›`vjb Pvwj‡q †h‡Z _v‡K| MYgva¨g msL¨vMwiô As‡ki A_©vr mvaviY RYM‡Yi c‡ÿ msev`, m¤úv`Kxq cÖKvk K‡i‡Q| d‡j Zviv Zv‡`i Av‡›`vjb‡K †eMevb Ki‡Z ‡c‡i‡Q| Gi G Kvi‡YB ÿgZvmxb miKviI Zv‡`i wm×všÍ †_‡K m‡i Avm‡Z eva¨ n‡q‡Q| A_©vr miKvi wbie n‡q †M‡Q|

MYgva¨‡g †h K_v Av‡mwb

Avwoqvj we‡j cª¯ÍvweZ e½eÜy AvšÍR©vwZK wegvbe›`i wbg©vY‡K ‡K›`« K‡i gyÝxM‡Ä XvKv-gvIqv mo‡K ‡m mwnsm NUbvi wcQ‡b BÜb`vZv i‡q‡Q e‡j AwfgZ †cvlY K‡ib ¯^ivó«gš¿x mvnviv LvZyb| NUbvwU‡K ivRbxwZKxKiY Kiv n‡q‡Q mZ¨, wKš‘ NUbvi wcQ‡b BÜb`vZv Av‡Q wKbv Zv MYgva¨‡g I‡V Av‡mwb|

mxgve×Zv

1.mv¤úªwZK G NUbvwUi msev` covi Rb¨ XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi †K›`ªxq jvB‡eªixi gM© e¨envi K‡iwQ| wKš‘ cÖvqkB cwÎKv¸‡jv KvUv-†Quov n‡q‡Q, hv Avgv‡K AZ¨šÍ fzwM‡q‡Q|

2.cwÎKv evQvB‡qi †ÿ‡ÎI mxgve×Zv wQ‡jv | B‡”Q wQ‡jv ‰`wbK bqv w`MšÍ I ˆ`wbK Avgvi †`k cwÎKv `yÕ†Uv wb‡qI KvR Kie| wKš‘ cvwiwb cÖvwßi Ach©vßZvi Kvi‡Y|

3.GKwU ZË¡ Av‡iKwU ZË¡‡K Ifvi‡jc K‡i| ZË¡¸‡jv m¤ú‡K© we¯ÍvwiZ Ávb bv _vKvi Kvi‡Y Z‡Ë¡i mv‡_ NUbvwUi m¤úK© cÖwZôvq `ye©jZv cwijwÿZ n‡Z cv‡i|

4.kãmxgv †`qv _vKvq ¸iæZ¡c~Y© A‡bKwKQy Av‡jvPbvi evwn‡i †_‡K †M‡Q|

†klK_v

me¸‡jv MYgva¨‡g GKB fv‡e GKwU NUbvi wPÎ I‡V Avm‡e- GgbwU fvev hvq bv| Z‡e G ai‡Yi wel‡qi †ÿ‡Î MYgva¨g¸‡jv‡K Av‡iv †ewk `vwqZ¡kxj f~wgKv cvjb Kiv DwPZ, †hLv‡b cwi‡e‡ki cÖkœ RwoZ, cÖvwšÍK gvby‡li fwel¨‡Zi cÖkœ RwoZ| weåvwšÍ Qov‡bv †Kv‡bv g‡ZvB Kvg¨ bq|

mnvqK Drm

‰`wbK cÖ_g Av‡jv: wW‡m¤^i, 2010 I 1- 4 Rvbyqwi, 2011

‰`wbK Kv‡ji KÉ: wW‡m¤^i, 2010 I 1- 4 Rvbyqwi, 2011

‰`wbK msev`: wW‡m¤^i, 2010 I 1- 4 Rvbyqwi, 2011

Grifin, EM; A First Look at Communucation Theory, sixth edition

Severin, J. Werner & Tankard,W. James; Communication Theories: Origins, Methods, the Uses in the Mass Media, and fifth edition

Prepared By

Juel mia

3^rd Batch

Dept. of Mass Commmunication and Journalism

email: mia.juel57@gmail.com